Working conditions and mental health indicators in medical and nursing professionals in Chile during the COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract
Background: The mental health of health personnel was affected by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and its associated consequences, including the change in working conditions.
Aims: To analyze the relationship between mental health indicators and socio-occupational factors. Materials and methods: The PHQ-9, GAD-7, and ISI-3 were applied to 90 health workers.
Results: Nursing staff reported greater depressive, anxiety, and insomnia symptomatology. In turn, they manifested greater indicators of depression in interaction with the change in workday (F (1,86) = 3.83, p= 0.05, partial η² = 0.04) and work shift (F (1,86) = 6.80, p= 0. 01, partial η² = 0.07); greater anxious symptomatology in interaction with change in workday (F (1,86) = 5.83, p= 0.02, partial η² = 0.06) and work shift (F (1,86) = 9.26, p= 0.003, partial η² = 0.10). Additionally, more indicators of insomnia in interaction with being on the front line (F (1,86) = 4.96, p = 0.04, partial η²= 0.05) and changes in working hours (F (1,86) = 3.88, p = 0.05, partial η²= 0.04).
Conclusion: The nursing staff was more affected by changes in working conditions, having more symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia.
Downloads
References
Cañete Villafranca R, Noda Albelo A, Ferreira Moreno V, Brito Pérez K, García Herrera A. SARS-Cov-2, el virus emergente que causa la pandemia de COVID-19. Rev Med Electron 2020; 42 (3): 1862-81. http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1684-18242020000301862#:~:text=El%20diagn%C3%B3stico%20de%20infecci%C3%B3n%20por,ya%20que%20ofrecen%20mayor%20sensibilidad.
Caqueo-Urízar A, Urzúa A, Aragón-Caqueo D, Charles C, El-Khatib Z, Otu A, Yaya S. Mental health and the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile. Psychol Trauma 2020; 12 (5): 521. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000753.
Dagnino P, Anguita V, Escobar K, Cifuentes S. Psychological effects of social isolation due to quarantine in chile: an exploratory study. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.591142.
Khajuria A, Tomaszewski W, Liu Z, Chen J-h, Mehdian R, Fleming S, Vig S, Crawford M. Workplace factors associated with mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: an international cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21 (1): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06279-6.
Tolsa M, Malas O. COVID-19: Impacto Psicológico, Factores de Riesgo e Intervenciones Psicológicas en el Personal Sanitario. Una Revisión Sistemática. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud 2021; 12 (2): 58-75. https://doi.org/10.23923/j.rips.2021.01.045.
Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, Giannakoulis V, Papoutsi E, Katsaounou P. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88: 901-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026.
Batalla-Martín D, Campoverde K, Broncano-Bolzoni M. El impacto en la salud mental de los profesionales sanitarios durante la COVID-19. Rev Enferm Salud Ment 2020; 16: 17-25. https://doi.org/10.5538/2385-703X.2020.16.17.
Danet A. Impacto psicológico del COVID-19 en profesionales sanitarios de primera línea en el ámbito occidental. Una revisión sistemática. Med Clin (Barc) 2021; 156 (9): 449–58. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.medcli.2020.11.009.
Abeldaño Zuñiga RA, Juanillo-Maluenda H, Sánchez-Bandala MA, Burgos GV, Müller SA, Rodríguez López JR. Mental Health Burden of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Healthcare Workers in Four Latin American Countries. Inq (United States). 2021;58:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580211061059.
Olivares-Tirado P, Zanga-Pizarro R. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic outbreak on mental health of the hospital front-line healthcare workers in Chile: a difference-in-differences approach. J Public Health. 2023;45(1):57–64. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdac008.
Alvarado R, Ramírez J, Cortés M, Aguirre J, Bedregal P, Allel K, et al. El impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la salud mental de los trabajadores de la salud en Chile: datos iniciales de The Health Care Workers Study. Rev Med Chil. 2021;149(8):1205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0034-98872021000801205.
Urzúa A, Samaniego A, Caqueo-Urízar A, Zapata Pizarro A, Irarrázaval Domínguez M. Salud mental en trabajadores de la salud durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en Chile. 2020; Rev Med Chile 148 (8): 1121-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872020000801121.
Diez-Quevedo C, Rangil T, Sanchez-Planell L, Kroenke K, Spitzer R. Validation and utility of the patient health questionnaire in diagnosing mental disorders in 1003 general hospital Spanish inpatients. Psychosom Med 2001; 63 (4): 679-86. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200107000-00021.
Baader T, Molina J, Venezian S, Rojas C, Farías R, Fierro-Freixenet C, Backenstrass M, Mundt C. Validación y utilidad de la encuesta PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire) en el diagnóstico de depresión en pacientes usuarios de atención primaria en Chile. Rev Chil Neuro-Psiquiat 2012; 50 (1): 10-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-92272012000100002.
Saldivia S, Aslan J, Cova F, Vicente B, Inostroza C, Rincón P. Propiedades psicométricas del PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire) en centros de atención primaria de Chile. Rev Med Chile 2019; 147(1): 53-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872019000100053.
García-Campayo J, Zamorano E, Ruiz M, Pardo A, Pérez-Páramo M, López-Gómez V, Freire O, Rejas J. Cultural adaptation into Spanish of the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale as a screening tool. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2010; 8 (1):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-8-8.
Bastien C, Vallières A, Morin C. Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Med 2001; 2 (4): 297-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1389-9457(00)00065-4.
Gupta A, Mehra A, Niraula A, Kafle K, Deo S, Singh B, Sahoo S, Grover S. Prevalence of anxiety and depression among the healthcare workers in Nepal during the COVID-19 pandemic. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 54: 102260. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ajp.2020.102260.
Lopez V. Nurses at the forefront of COVID-19 pandemic. NPT. 2020;8(1):1-3. https://doi.org/10.18502/npt.v8i1.4485.
Lozano-Vargas A. Impacto de la epidemia del Coronavirus (COVID-19) en la salud mental del personal de salud y en la población general de China. Rev Neuropsiquiatr [Internet]. 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20453/rnp.v83i1.3687.
Salari N, Hosseinian-Far A, Jalali R, Vaisi-Raygani A, Rasoulpoor S, Mohammadi M, Rasoulpoor S, Khaledi-Paveh B. Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Global Health 2020;16 (1):57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00589-w.
Barello S, Palamenghi L, Graffigna G. Burnout and somatic symptoms among frontline healthcare professionals at the peak of the Italian COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res 2020; 290: 113129. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.psychres.2020.113129.
de Pinho LG, Sampaio F, Sequeira C, Teixeira L, Fonseca C, Lopes M. Portuguese nurses’ stress, anxiety, and depression reduction strategies during the covid-19 outbreak. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18 (7): 3490. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073490.
Luceño-Moreno L, Talavera-Velasco B, García-Albuerne Y, Martín-García J. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, depression, levels of resilience and burnout in Spanish health personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17 (15): 5514. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155514.
Obando Zegarra R, Arévalo-Ipanaqué JM, Aliaga Sánchez RA, Obando Zegarra M. Ansiedad, estrés y depresión en enfermeros de emergencia Covid-19. Index Enferm 2020; 29 (4): 225-9. http://ciberindex.com/index.php/ie/article/view/e13056.
Shen X, Zou X, Zhong X, Yan J, Li L. Psychological stress of ICU nurses in the time of COVID-19. Crit Care 2020; 24 (1): 200. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-02926-2.
Al Maqbali M, Al Sinani M, Al-Lenjawi B. Prevalence of stress, depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res 2020: 110343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110343.
Romero C, Delgado C, Catalá J, Ferrer C, Errando C, Iftimi A, Benito A, de Andrés J, Otero M. COVID-19 psychological impact in 3109 healthcare workers in Spain: The PSIMCOV group. Psychol Med 2020:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291720001671.
Shechter A, Diaz F, Moise N, Anstey D, Ye S, Agarwal S, Birk J, Brodie D, Cannone D, Chang B, Claassen J, Cornelius T, Derby L, Dong M, Givens R, Hochman B, Homma S, Kronish I, Lee S, Manzano W, Mayer L, McMurry C, Moitra V, Pham P, Rabbani L, Rivera R, Schwartz A, Schwartz J, Shapiro P, Shaw K, Sullivan A, Vose C, Wasson L, Edmondson D, Abdalla M. Psychological distress, coping behaviors, and preferences for support among New York healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 220; 66: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.06.007.
World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease ( COVID-19) outbreak: rights, roles and responsibilities of health workers, including key considerations for occupational safety and health: interim guidance, 19 March 2020. World Health Organization; 2020. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331510.
The works published in this magazine are subject to the following terms:
1. The Publications Service of the University of Murcia (the publisher) preserves the copyright of the published works, and encourages and allows the reuse of the works under the license for use stated in point 2.
© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2011 (© Publications Service, University of Murcia, 2011)
2. The works are published in the electronic edition of the journal under Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 España(texto legal) “ a Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Spain license (legal text)”. They can be copied, used, broadcasted, transmitted and publicly displayed, provided that: i) the authorship and original source of their publication (journal, publisher and URL) are cited; (ii) are not used for commercial purposes; iii) the existence and specifications of this license is mentioned.
3. Conditions of self-archiving. Authors are allowed and encouraged to electronically disseminate the pre-print (pre-reviewed ) and / or post-print (reviewed and accepted for publication) versions of their works prior to publication, as it ensures a wider circulation and dissemination which may lead to a possible increase in its mention and a higher scope among the academic community. RoMEO color: green.
