Space-time dynamics and factors associated with suicide among young people in Northeastern Brazil: an ecological study
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the space-time pattern and the factors associated with suicide mortality among young people in northeastern Brazil.
Method: An ecological study that analyzed suicide deaths among young people aged 15 to 24 years in the Northeast region. Joinpoint software was used for temporal analysis and spatial analysis was carried out using local empirical Bayesian methods, Global and Local Moran Index and scanning spatial statistics technique. The multivariate model Ordinary Least Squares Estimation was used to identify the factors associated with mortality. The Scan scanning method identified six statistically significant spatial suicide clusters.
Results: Suicide among young people showed significant growth (p<0.001) of 2.8% per year in the Northeast region in the period studied. Moran's scattering analysis identified spatial clusters of deaths in the states of Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba. The indicators: percentage of unemployed from 15 to 24 years (β = -0.05; p=0.02) and percentage of vulnerable to poverty (β =-0.06; p=0.03) had a negative association, while the illiteracy rate from 18 to 24 years (β= 0.15; p=0.01) and the percentage of people aged 18 to 24 years with complete elementary school (β = 0,09; p<0,001) positive association with suicide mortality among young people.
Conclusions: There was a significant increase in suicide among young people in the Northeast region. Clusters with the highest suicide rates were located in the state of Piauí. Four socioeconomic indicators were associated with suicide among young people in the region.
Downloads
References
(1). World Health Organization (WHO). Preventing suicide: a global imperative. Geneva; 2014.1–141p. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241564779
(2). Ribeiro NM, Castro SS, Scatena LM, Haas VJ. Ánálise da tendência temporal do suicídio e de sistemas de informações em saúde em relação às tentativas de suicídio. Texto Context Enferm. 2018;27(2):1–11. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-070720180002110016
(3). Pan-American Health Organization - PAHO. The Health of Adolescents and Youth in the Americas: Implementation of the Regional Strategy and Plan of Action on Adolescent and Youth Health 2010-2018. PAHO: Washington, D.C.; 2019. Disponível em: https://www.paho.org/adolescent-health-report-2018/
(4). Fundo das Populações das Nações Unidas (UNFPA). Direitos Da População Jovem [Internet]. 2010. 126p. Disponível em: http://www.unfpa.org.br/Arquivos/direitos_pop_jovem.pdf
(5). Valadez-Figueroa I, Chávez-Hernández A, Vargas-Valadez V, Hernández-Cervantes Q, Ochoa-Orendain MC. Tentativa suicida y uso del tiempo libre en adolescentes escolarizados mexicanos Suicide attempt and leisure in Mexican. Ter Psicológica 2019 [Internet]. 2019; 37:5–14. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48082019000100005
(6). Cicogna JIR, Hillesheim D, Hallal AL de LLC. Mortalidade por suicídio de adolescentes no Brasil: tendência temporal de crescimento entre 2000 e 2015. J Bras Psiquiatr [Internet]. 2019 Mar;68(1):1–7. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/0047-2085000000218.
(7). Silva L. Suicídio entre crianças e adolescentes: um alerta para o cumprimento do imperativo global. Acta Paul Enferm [Internet]. 2019 Jun;32(3):III–IVI. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0194201900033.
(8). Fraga WS de, Massuquetti A, Godoy MR. Determinantes Socioeconômicos do Suicídio: um estudo para os municípios do Brasil e do Rio Grande do Sul. Rev Econômica [Internet]. 2016 Mar 29;18(2):1–37. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.22409/economica.18i2.p300
(9). Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Estimativas de população. Brasília: IBGE, 2020. Disponível em: https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/sociais/populacao/9103-estimativas-de-populacao.html?=&t=resultados Acesso em: 13/04/2021.
(10). Programa das Nações Unidas (PNUD). Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro; 2021. PNUD, IPEA, Fundação João Pinheiro. Disponível em: http://www.atlasbrasil.org.br/consulta/ Acesso em: 20/03/2021.
(11). Sousa GJB, Garces TS, Pereira MLD, Moreira TMM, da Silveira GM. Temporal pattern of tuberculosis cure, mortality, and treatment abandonment in Brazilian capitals. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2019;27. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.3019.3218
(12). Ministério da Saúde (BR). Abordagens espaciais na saúde pública. Brasília, DF(BR): MS, 2006 [acesso em 2020 Ago 10]; Disponível em: http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/serie_ geoproc_ vol_1.pdf
(13). Cayuela A, Cayuela L, Sánchez Gayango A, Rodríguez-Domínguez S, Pilo Uceda FJ, Velasco Quiles AA. Suicide mortality trends in Spain, 1980-2016. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment. 2020;13(2):57–62. Disponível em: https://doi: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2018.07.002
(14). Santos EG de O, Barbosa IR. Conglomerados espaciais da mortalidade por suicídio no nordeste do Brasil e sua relação com indicadores socioeconômicos. Cad Saúde Coletiva. 2017 Oct;25(3):371–8. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-462X201700030015
(15). Hissa-Teixeira K. Uma análise da estrutura espacial dos indicadores socioeconômicos do nordeste brasileiro (2000-2010). Eure. 2018;44(131):101–24. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0250-71612018000100101
(16). Bezerra FJA, Bernardo TRR, Ximenes LJF, Junio ASV. Perfil socioeconômico do Ceará [Internet]. Fortaleza: Banco do Nordeste do Brasil; 2015. 194 p. Disponível em: https://www.bnb.gov.br/documents/80223/4476032/CE+Perfil+2015.pdf/d96d6707-78c5-7fb9-f08c-c9cde00e455e
(17). Santos EGO, Barbosa IR, Severo AKS. Análise espaço-temporal da mortalidade por suicídio no Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, no período de 2000 a 2015. Cien Saude Coletiva [Internet]. 2020; 25(2):633–43. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020252.11042018
(18). Arya V, Page A, River J, Armstrong G, Mayer P. Trends and socio-economic determinants of suicide in India: 2001–2013. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol [Internet]. 2018 Mar 5;53(3):269–78. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-017-1466-x
(19). Dalglish SL, Melchior M, Younes N, Surkan PJ. Work characteristics and suicidal ideation in young adults in France. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2015;50(4):613–20. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-014-0969-y
(20). Pinto LLT, Meira SS, Ribeiro ÍJS, Nery AA, Casotti CA. Tendência de mortalidade por lesões autoprovocadas intencionalmente no Brasil no período de 2004 a 2014. J Bras Psiquiatr. [Internet] 2017; 66(4):203–10. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0047-2085000000172
(21). Bahia CA, Avanci JQ, Pinto LW, Minayo MCS. Lesão autoprovocada em todos os ciclos da vida: perfil das vítimas em serviços de urgência e emergência de capitais do Brasil. Cien Saude Colet [Internet]. 2017 Sep;22(9):2841–50. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232017229.12242017
(22). Santos AD, Guimarães LML, Carvalho YF, Viana LC, Alves GL, Lima ACR, et al. Spatial analysis and temporal trends of suicide mortality in Sergipe, Brazil, 2000-2015. Trends Psychiatry Psychother [Internet]. 2018 Dec;40(4):269–76. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0028
(23). Silva IG, Maranhão TA, Silva TL, Sousa GJB, Lira Neto JCG, Pereira MLD. Gender differentials in suicide mortality. Rev Rene [Internet]. 2021 Feb 23;22:e61520. Disponével em: https://doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.20212261520
(24). Silva TL, Maranhão TA, Sousa GJB, Silva IG, Lira Neto JCG, Araujo GAS. Análise espacial do suicídio no Nordeste do Brasil e fatores sociais associados. Texto Context Enferm. 2022;31. No prelo.
(25). Haghparast-Bidgoli H, Rinaldi G, Shahnavazi H, Bouraghi H, Kiadaliri AA. Socio-demographic and economics factors associated with suicide mortality in Iran, 2001–2010: application of a decomposition model. Int J Equity Health [Internet]. 2018 Dec 14;17(1):77. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-018-0794-0
(26). Pistone I, Beckman U, Eriksson E, Lagerlöf H, Sager M. The effects of educational interventions on suicide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Soc Psychiatry [Internet]. 2019 Aug 4;65(5):399–412. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764019852655
(27). Kootbodien T, Naicker N, Wilson KS, Ramesar R, London L. Trends in Suicide Mortality in South Africa, 1997 to 2016. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 Mar 12;17(6):1850. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061850
The works published in this magazine are subject to the following terms:
1. The Publications Service of the University of Murcia (the publisher) preserves the copyright of the published works, and encourages and allows the reuse of the works under the license for use stated in point 2.
© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2011 (© Publications Service, University of Murcia, 2011)
2. The works are published in the electronic edition of the journal under Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 España(texto legal) “ a Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Spain license (legal text)”. They can be copied, used, broadcasted, transmitted and publicly displayed, provided that: i) the authorship and original source of their publication (journal, publisher and URL) are cited; (ii) are not used for commercial purposes; iii) the existence and specifications of this license is mentioned.
3. Conditions of self-archiving. Authors are allowed and encouraged to electronically disseminate the pre-print (pre-reviewed ) and / or post-print (reviewed and accepted for publication) versions of their works prior to publication, as it ensures a wider circulation and dissemination which may lead to a possible increase in its mention and a higher scope among the academic community. RoMEO color: green.
