Age, Gender and Resilience in Sexual Risk Behavior of STI among adolescents in Southern Mexico
Supporting Agencies
- CONACYT
Abstract
Objective: To compare sexual risk behaviors among high school students and differentiate them by age, gender, and level of sexual resilience.Methods and Materials: Descriptive, cross-sectional and explanatory study. A stratified random sampling was used. The sample consisted of 182 adolescents, age 15 and 16 years from two educational institutions.
Results: The research instruments used presented acceptable reliability values. Sixty nine percent of the adolescents were 16 years old and 64% were female. Adolescents aged 16 years had higher averages on sexual risk behaviors (M = 12.1, SD = 23.3) than aged 15 years (M = 4.76, SD=14.6), U=2,984.0, p=.038. Regarding gender, significant differences were found (U=3,714.0, p=.017) between females (M = 7.45, SD = 2.77) and males (M = 8.01, SD=2.03). Significant differences were also found in the level of sexual resilience (U=2,809.0, p=.034); the age 15 group presented lower levels (M=60.5, SD=13.6) than the age 16 group (M=65.0, SD=17.3). A Lineal Regression Model showed that age, gender and marital status were the main contributors to sexual risk behavior (F=1.85, R2ajusted=.065, p=.052). Another Linear Regression Model showed that age, gender and marital status were significant predictors of the level or resilience (F=5.4, R2adjusted=.07, p=.001). Research on sexual risk behavior among adolescents and factors that affect such conduct is valuable to understand the adolescents’ motivations to practice or avoid sexual risk behaviors.
Downloads
References
Programa Conjunto de las Naciones Unidas sobre el VIH/sida (ONUSIDA). Comunicado de prensa. [Citado el 05 enero 2015]. Disponible en: http://www.unaids.org/es/resources/presscentre/pressreleaseandstatementarchive/2014/november/20141118_PR_WAD2014report
Programa Conjunto de las Naciones Unidas sobre el VIH/sida (ONUSIDA). Informe sobre VIH/sida. [Citado el 10 julio 2015]. Disponible en: http://www.unaids.org/es/resources/presscentre/pressreleaseandstatementarchive/2014/july/20140716prgapreport
Pai H, Lee S. Sexual self-concept as influencing intended sexual health behaviour of young adolescent Taiwanese girls. J Clin Nurs. 2012; 21:1988-97
Sychareun V, Thomsen S, Chaleunvong K, Faxelid E. Risk perceptions of STIs/HIV and sexual risk behaviours among sexually experienced adolescents in the Northern part of Lao PDR. BMC Public Health. 2013; 13:1126
.
Monasterio E, Hwang LY, Shafer MA. Adolescent sexual health. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2007; 37(8):302-25.
Bradley-Stevenson,C, Mumford J. Adolescent sexual health. Pediatrics Child Health. 2007; 17(12):474-79.
Jones R, Bradley E. Health issues for adolescents. Paediatr Child Health. 2007; 17(11): 433-38.
García-Vega E, Menéndez E, Fernández P, Cuesta M. Sexualidad, Anticoncepción y Conducta sexual de riesgo en adolescentes. Int J Psychol Res. 2012; 5(1): 79-87.
García-Vega E, Menéndez E, Fernández P, Rico F. Influencia del sexo y del género en el comportamiento de una población adolescente 2010; Psicothema, 22(4): 606-12.
Díaz G. Consideraciones teóricas acerca del empoderamiento psicológico en salud sexual de actores sexuales vinculados a niños/as preescolares. Rev Cubana Med Integr. 2011; 27(1):23-32.
Burns N, Grove S. The practice of nursing research. Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence 6th ed. 2009. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders.
Jemmot, JB III, Jemmott LS, Fong GT. Reduction in HIV risk-associated sexual behaviors among black male adolescents: Effects of an AIDS prevention intervention. Am J Public Health.1992; 82(3): 372-77.
Villarruel A M, Jemmontt J B III, Jemmontt L S, Ronis D L. Predictors of sexual intercourse intentions and condom use among Spanish dominant youth: A test of the theory of planned behavior. Nurs Res.2004; 53(3): 172-81.
Wagnild GM, Young HM. Development and psychometric evaluation of the resilience scale. J Nurs Meas. 1993; 1(2): 165-78.
Castillo-Arcos L, Benavides-TorresR, López-Rosales F. Vol. XIV de la Psicología Social en México. Validación de la escala de resiliencia para sexo seguro, 2012. México.
Secretaria de Salud. Reglamento de la ley general de salud en materia de investigación para la salud. 1987. (México). [Citado el 05 enero 2015]. Disponible en: http://www.salud.gob.mx/unidades/cdi/nom/compi/rlgsmis.html
Morales-Mesa S, Arboleda-Álvarez O, Segura-Cardona A. Las prácticas sexuales de riesgo en poblaciones universitarias. Rev Salud Publica. 2014; 16(1): 27-39.
Fennie T, Laas, A. HIV/AIDS-related Konowledge, Attitudes and Risky Sexual Behavior among a Sample of South African University Students. Gender and Behaviour. 2014; 12(1):6035-44.
Orcasita L, Uribe A, Castellanos L, Gutiérrez M. Apoyo social y conductas sexuales de riesgo en adolescentes de Lebrija-Santander. Rev Psicol. 2012; 30(2): 371-406.
Wil E, Koo H. Mother, fathers, son, and daughters: gender differences in factors associated with parent-child communication about sexual topics. Reprod Health 2010; 7:31 [Citado el 30 de septiembre 2015]. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3019147/
Uribe F, Orcasita LT, Vergara T. Factores de riesgo para la infección por VIH/SIDA en adolescents y jovenes colombianos. Act Colom Psicol. (2010); 13(1):11-24.
Shishana O, Rehle T, Simbayi LC, Zuma K, Jooste S, Pillay-van-Wyk V, Mbelle N, Van Zyl J, Parker W, Zungu NP, Pezi S & the SABSSAM III. South African National HIV prevalence, incidence, behavior and communication survey, 2008: A turning tide among teenagers?. Cape Tawn. Human Sciences Research Council. South Africa. 2009. [Citado el 20 julio 2015]. Disponible en: http://www.health-e.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/2966e129fc39e07486250fd47fcc266e.pdf
Romero-Estudillo E, Gonzáles-Jiménez, E, Mesa-Franco M, García-García I. Gender-based differences in the high-risk sexual behaviours of young people aged 15-29 in Melilla (Spain): a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health; 14:745.
Adejumo AO. Influence of psycho-Demographic factors and effectiveness of psycho-behavioral interventions on sexual risk behavior of in-school adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria. Ife PsychologIA. 2012; 20(1):1-18.
Oppong K, Mayer-Weitz A, Petersen I. Correlates of psychological functioning of homeless youth in Accra, Ghana: a cross-sectional study. Int J Ment Health Syst 2015; 9:1.
Matta S. Grado de desarrollo de la resiliencia y su relación con los factores protectores y de riesgo, en adolescentes de instituciones educativas de Lima, Ica, Ayacucho Huánuco. Tesis de Maestria. 2010. [Citado el 10 febrero 2015]. Disponible en:
http://cybertesis.unmsm.edu.pelbitstream/cybertesis/3276/1/matta_sh.pdf
Ott M, Millstein SG, Ofner S, Halpem-Felsher,BL. Greater expectations: adolescent positive motivations for sex. Perspect Sex Reprod Heald. 2006; 38(2): 84-9.
Widdice LE, Cornell JL, Liang W, Halpem-Felsher BL. Having sex and condon use: potencial risk and benefits report by young, sexually inexperienced adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 2006; 39(4): 588-95.
Esparza P. Apoyo social percibido para sexo seguro y resiliencia sexual en el adolescente. Tesis de Maestría. 2014. [Citado el 10 abril 2015]. Disponible en: file:///C:/Users/HP/Downloads/TESIS%202014%20PALOMA.pdf
The works published in this magazine are subject to the following terms:
1. The Publications Service of the University of Murcia (the publisher) preserves the copyright of the published works, and encourages and allows the reuse of the works under the license for use stated in point 2.
© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2011 (© Publications Service, University of Murcia, 2011)
2. The works are published in the electronic edition of the journal under Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 España(texto legal) “ a Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Spain license (legal text)”. They can be copied, used, broadcasted, transmitted and publicly displayed, provided that: i) the authorship and original source of their publication (journal, publisher and URL) are cited; (ii) are not used for commercial purposes; iii) the existence and specifications of this license is mentioned.
3. Conditions of self-archiving. Authors are allowed and encouraged to electronically disseminate the pre-print (pre-reviewed ) and / or post-print (reviewed and accepted for publication) versions of their works prior to publication, as it ensures a wider circulation and dissemination which may lead to a possible increase in its mention and a higher scope among the academic community. RoMEO color: green.
