Diferentes patrones de dificultades emocionales y comportamentales durante la adolescencia: la influencia de las habilidades prosociales

Autores/as

  • Javier Ortuño-Sierra Universidad Loyola Andalucía
  • Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero Universidad de La Rioja
  • Sylvia Sastre i Riba Universidad de La Rioja
  • José Muñiz Universidad de Oviedo Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.33.1.225031
Palabras clave: Adolescencia, análisis de clúster, SDQ, problemas emocionales y conductuales, prosocial.

Resumen

El objetivo principal del estudio fue examinar la distribución por clústers del Cuestionario de Capacidades y Dificultades (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; SDQ) y analizar el efecto del sexo y la edad, en una muestra de estudiantes pertenecientes a institutos, con edades entre 14 y 18 años (N = 1474). Para el análisis de los datos se realizó un análisis iterativo basado en el procedimiento de  K-medias. Una solución de cinco clusters destacó como la  más parsimoniosa para diferenciar patrones de síntomas emocionales y comportamentales. El modelo de cinco clusters reveló las siguientes agrupaciones: “ausencia de dificultades y altas puntuaciones prosociales” (n = 418; 28.36%), “altas puntuaciones en dificultades y bajas en comportamiento prosocial” (n = 239; 16.21%) , “altas puntuaciones en hiperactividad, bajo en el resto de las subescalas de dificultades y alto en capacidades prosociales” (n = 302; 20.49%), “alto en dificultades emocionales y de relación, bajo en dificultades conductuales y de hiperactividad y alto en capacidades prosociales” (n = 275; 18.66%),  y finalmente “dificultades de hiperactividad y niveles medios en el resto de subescalas de dificultades y en las capacidades prosociales” (n= 239; 16.21%). Este modelo de cinco clusters fue replicado atendiendo al género y la edad. Sin embargo, las diferencias encontradas en la distribución de cada cluster sugieren que las dificultades difieren en función del género y de la edad. Los resultados permiten concluir la mayor presencia de dificultades de tipo externalizante en el caso de los hombres  emocionales en el caso de las mujeres, así como mayores capacidades prosociales.

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Publicado
28-12-2016
Cómo citar
Ortuño-Sierra, J., Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Sastre i Riba, S., & Muñiz, J. (2016). Diferentes patrones de dificultades emocionales y comportamentales durante la adolescencia: la influencia de las habilidades prosociales. Anales de Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 33(1), 48–56. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.33.1.225031
Número
Sección
Psicología evolutiva y de la educación

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