Estado de ánimo y memoria autobiográfica: efectos sobre la intensidad de los recuerdos escolares

Autores/as

  • José T. Boyano Departamento de Psicología Básica. Facultad de Psicología. Universidad de Málaga
  • Juan A. Mora Universidad de Málaga
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.31.3.155201
Palabras clave: Intensidad memoria, congruencia memoria-ánimo

Resumen

La influencia del ánimo sobre la memoria de estímulos simples ha sido constatada con frecuencia. El  presente trabajo explora el efecto del estado anímico y del contexto sobre los procesos de recuperación autobiográfica. Se pretende analizar los factores que pueden modular, durante la recuperación, la valoración subjetiva de eventos relevantes, pertenecientes a la historia escolar. Pretendemos comprobar si los efectos de congruencia se extienden a la valoración de eventos importantes en la historia vital. Para ello se ha utilizado una muestra de 569 estudiantes universitarios que han sido asignados a distintos grupos de inducción de ánimo. Se han manipulado dos variables, el estado de ánimo inducido, -alegría, tristeza o ánimo o neutro- y el contexto del material fílmico – académico o general-. Se utiliza una tarea gráfica de recuperación autobiográfica. Nuestros resultados indican que los participantes con ánimo alegre tienden a una mayor valoración de la intensidad de los eventos positivos y negativos, mientras los participantes tristes tienden a valoraciones más conservadoras. Los participantes con ánimo neutro valoran los eventos positivos  como más intensos que los negativos. En conjunto, estos datos sugieren que el ánimo genera un estilo de procesamiento preferente, que afectaría a la valoración de los eventos recuperados.

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Publicado
16-09-2015
Cómo citar
Boyano, J. T., & Mora, J. A. (2015). Estado de ánimo y memoria autobiográfica: efectos sobre la intensidad de los recuerdos escolares. Anales de Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 31(3), 1035–1043. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.31.3.155201
Número
Sección
Psicología cognitiva