Análisis diferencial de las funciones ejecutivas en niños pertenecientes a familias desfavorecidas vs. niños con trastorno del espectro autista

Autores/as

  • María del Mar Gómez-Pérez Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Granada
  • M. Dolores Calero Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Granada
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.326531
Palabras clave: cultades, funciones ejecutivas, trastorno del espectro autista, familias desfavorecidas, infancia, coherencia central, comparación

Agencias de apoyo

  • Junta de Andalucía

Resumen

Las Funciones Ejecutivas (EF) se consideran necesarias para afrontar nuevas situaciones y para controlar la propia conducta. Estudios han confirmado dificultades en las FE en niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (ASD) y en niños de familias desfavorecidas (DF). Este estudio pretende examinar las dificultades en EF en las dos poblaciones –ASD and DF children- con respecto a las EF en niños que muestran un desarrollo típico (TD). Un total de 89 niños de edades comprendidas entre los 7 y 12 años, divididos en tres grupos, participaron en el estudio: 28 con ASD, 36 de DF y 25 con TD. La evaluación se realizó con diferentes medidas de EF (atención ejecutiva, flexibilidad cognitive, inhibición y memoria de trabajo) y en coherencia central. En general, los niños de DF obtuvieron las menores puntuaciones en todas las medidas, aunque las diferencias no fueron significativas respecto a los otros grupos en todos los casos. Los niños con ASD obtuvieron puntuaciones similares al grupo TD en atención ejecutiva y memoria de trabajo, y mayores puntuaciones en coherencia central. En comparación con los niños de DF, los niños con TEA obtuvieron un desempeño mayor en todas las medidas. Estos resultados indicarían entonces, que los programas de intervención diseñados para cada uno de los grupos deben centrarse en diferentes tipos de tareas.

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Biografía del autor/a

María del Mar Gómez-Pérez, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Granada

Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento - CIMCYC

Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico.

Investigador

M. Dolores Calero, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Granada

Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento - CIMCYC

Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico.

Profesor

Citas

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doi:10.1080/13854046.2011.586002

Publicado
01-01-2020
Cómo citar
Gómez-Pérez, M. del M., & Calero, M. D. (2020). Análisis diferencial de las funciones ejecutivas en niños pertenecientes a familias desfavorecidas vs. niños con trastorno del espectro autista. Anales de Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 36(1), 102–110. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.326531
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Psicología evolutiva y de la educación

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