Identidad moral profesional en la formación superior de Enfermería: Revisión de Alcance
Resumen
Introducción: La identidad moral profesional de la Enfermería se construye de manera continua durante la formación académica, influenciada por aspectos éticos, sociales y estructurales. Comprender este proceso es fundamental para fortalecer la formación profesional y la práctica ética en Enfermería.
Objetivo: Mapear la producción científica sobre identidad moral profesional en la formación de enfermeros, identificando conceptos, influencias, desafíos y estrategias abordados en la literatura. Material y Método: Revisión de alcance según las directrices del Instituto Joanna Briggs y la lista de verificación PRISMA-ScR. La búsqueda en 11 bases de datos resultó en 2543 estudios, de los cuales 58 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Los datos fueron analizados mediante Análisis Temático Reflexivo de Braun y Clarke.
Resultados: La identidad moral profesional está influenciada por la formación académica, la socialización en los servicios de salud y las dimensiones éticas vivenciadas durante la carrera de pregrado. Planes de estudio integrados, experiencias clínicas diversas e interacción con docentes y enfermeros favorecen la construcción moral. Obstáculos como desconexión entre teoría y práctica, sobrecarga docente, planes de estudio fragmentados y desvalorización de la profesión limitan este proceso. Categorías temáticas identificadas: (1) Influencias para el desarrollo de la identidad moral; (2) Promoción de identidades morales profesionales; (3) Desafíos estructurales que limitan su consolidación.
Conclusiones: La construcción de la identidad moral profesional en Enfermería es un proceso dinámico y multidimensional. Para consolidarla, se recomienda fortalecer planes de estudio integrados, adoptar metodologías activas, ampliar oportunidades de práctica supervisada e implementar políticas educativas que valoren la profesión de Enfermería.
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