Adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes con hipertensión: una Revisión Sistemática
Resumen
Introducción: La adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico desempeña un papel fundamental en el manejo eficaz de la hipertensión. Diversos factores contribuyen a la discrepancia entre los objetivos de control de la hipertensión a nivel poblacional y las tasas reales de control.
Objetivo: identificar y evaluar los factores asociados con la adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico en pacientes con hipertensión.
Material y método: Directrices de los Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. Se realizaron búsquedas exhaustivas de literatura en bases de datos de acceso abierto como PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library y ProQuest.
Resultados: La búsqueda inicial en las bases de datos arrojó 1.658 artículos, de los cuales 29 estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión después de la selección. Los factores identificados que influyen en la adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico se clasificaron en cuatro categorías: factores internos individuales, relacionados con los centros de salud, con los medicamentos y clínicos. Entre ellos, los factores internos individuales resultaron ser la categoría más predominante. Sin embargo, existen interconexiones significativas entre los factores de las diferentes categorías, que en conjunto pueden afectar la adherencia de los pacientes hipertensos a sus regímenes terapéuticos prescritos.
Conclusiones: se identificó que los factores que influyen en la adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico en pacientes con hipertensión pueden clasificarse en factores internos individuales, relacionados con los centros de salud, con los medicamentos y factores clínicos. No obstante, no fue posible determinar de manera concluyente cuáles de estos factores contribuyen de forma más significativa a la falta de adherencia.
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