Creencias y prácticas culturales sobre comportamientos de lactancia materna en mujeres: una Revisión Sistemática Exploratoria

Autores/as

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.648551
Palabras clave: Madres Lactantes, Comparación Transcultural, Cuidado del Lactante, Revisión Sistemática

Agencias de apoyo

  • Mulheres Lactantes

Resumen

Introducción. Las cuestiones culturales están fuertemente relacionadas con los hábitos de vida de las mujeres. Se recomienda la lactancia materna exclusiva en los primeros seis meses de vida y la lactancia materna complementaria hasta los 2 años. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud solo 4 de cada 10 lactantes menores de 6 meses de edad han recibido lactancia materna exclusiva en el mundo.

Objetivo. Explorar el papel de las creencias y prácticas culturales en las conductas de lactancia materna de las mujeres.

Método. Se realizó una revisión sistemática exploratoria en seis bases de datos: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science y Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.

Resultados. Se localizaron 3.078 estudios, de los cuales 37 fueron finalmente seleccionados. Se propusieron dos categorías temáticas: 1. Percepciones y creencias sobre la lactancia materna en las mujeres. 2. Influencia de las normas sociales en la lactancia materna en las mujeres.

Discusión: Los resultados destacan las creencias de que el calostro se considera “leche sucia” y que la leche materna tiene un bajo valor nutricional, lo que se asocia a algunas prácticas religiosas, imposiciones familiares, barreras sociales, noticias sensacionalistas y falsas y el retorno temprano al trabajo, lo que resulta en bajas tasas de lactancia materna en todo el mundo.

Conclusión. Esta revisión ha avanzado en la comprensión de que las cuestiones culturales están fuertemente asociadas con la lactancia materna entre las mujeres. Se deben ofrecer programas educativos, asesoramiento y capacitación de profesionales de la salud para aumentar la lactancia materna.

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Biografía del autor/a

María Dolores Guerra-Martín, Universidad de Sevilla

DOCTORA EN ENFERMERÍA

PROFESORA TITULAR DE UNIVERSIDAD

DEPARTAMENTO DE ENFERMERÍA

FACULTAD DE ENFERMERÍA, FISIOTERAPIA Y PODOLOGÍA

UNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA

Citas

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Publicado
31-07-2025
Cómo citar
[1]
Badanta, B. et al. 2025. Creencias y prácticas culturales sobre comportamientos de lactancia materna en mujeres: una Revisión Sistemática Exploratoria. Enfermería Global. 24, 2 (jul. 2025). DOI:https://doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.648551.
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