Impacto del Programa “Apoyo entre Pares” en el tratamiento de pacientes con Tuberculosis: estudio cuasi-experimental

Autores/as

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.632141
Palabras clave: Tuberculosis, Grupos de Apoyo, Modelo de Creencias de Salud, Percepción, Enfermería en Salud Comunitaria

Resumen

Objetivo: La tuberculosis (TB) es un problema de salud pública en muchos países, incluida Indonesia. Mejorar las percepciones de los pacientes sobre la enfermedad y el tratamiento es esencial para mejorar su tratamiento. Este estudio evalúa los efectos de un programa de apoyo entre pares en la Gravedad Percibida, Beneficios Percibidos, Barreras Percibidas y Autoeficacia de los pacientes con TB en tratamiento.

Métodos: Con un diseño cuasiexperimental de un solo grupo con pruebas antes y después, el estudio se realizó en el Centro de Salud Comunitario de Cimanggis en Depok. Se seleccionaron 32 pacientes con TB mediante muestreo total. Durante dos meses, la intervención incluyó siete sesiones sobre selección de participantes, psicoeducación, reestructuración cognitiva, ejercicios de respiración, planificación de actividades, resolución de problemas y mantenimiento de comportamientos saludables. Se utilizaron cuestionarios validados del Modelo de Creencias de Salud y Perfiles Sociodemográficos. Los datos se analizaron con pruebas t de muestras apareadas.

Resultados: Se encontró una diferencia significativa entre las puntuaciones pre y post en cada dominio: Gravedad Percibida (p=0.000), Beneficios Percibidos (p=0.000), Barreras Percibidas (p=0.000) y Autoeficacia (p=0.000), con un aumento significativo en las puntuaciones medias.

Conclusiones: El programa de apoyo entre pares mejoró las percepciones y la confianza de los pacientes con TB en su tratamiento. Los roles clave de las enfermeras comunitarias en facilitar grupos de apoyo, impartir educación sobre TB y supervisar la participación en el programa resaltan el valor de las intervenciones comunitarias en el manejo de la TB.

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Publicado
18-06-2025
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Syamsir, S.B. et al. 2025. Impacto del Programa “Apoyo entre Pares” en el tratamiento de pacientes con Tuberculosis: estudio cuasi-experimental. Enfermería Global. 24, 2 (jun. 2025). DOI:https://doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.632141.
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