PRESENT AND FUTURE OF PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS IN CATTLE
Abstract
To diagnose pregnancy in cattle an accurate, safe, economical and early method must be used. Today, several methods are available in the cattle industry, while others are still under development. The objective of this study is to review bibliographically the methods for the diagnosis of pregnancy in bovines and their use in current and future livestock. On the one hand, direct methods such as transrectal palpation and transrectal ultrasound of the reproductive tract are considered the most widely used methods for the diagnosis of pregnancy in bovines today. These methods work well and are economically interesting. However, they are also invasive and require some experience to perform properly. In general, these methods are used three to four weeks after artificial insemination. Second, indirect methods for the diagnosis of pregnancy in bovines can be used for the early detection of pregnancy and therefore can save time. The presence of the embryo must be determined without directly visualizing the embryonic structures. Due to technological advances, indirect biochemical methods are being developed to detect certain molecules associated with pregnancy and predict the presence of an embryo at an even earlier stage, by quantifying hormones such as progesterone (P4) or glycoproteins associated with it. pregnancy (PAG) using rapid test kits. The detection of molecules such as interferon tau (IFNt) or microRNA (miRNA) and early pregnancy factors (EPF) are examples of these promising new methods still under development.
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