Canine Leishmaniosis prevalence in abandoned dogs of Murcia periurban areas
evaluation of different diagnostic techniques
Abstract
This study investigates the prevalence and validity of diagnostic techniques of Canine Leishmaniosis (CanL), caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum, in 43 abandoned dogs of periurban areas of Murcia Region. This infection, transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies, is often asymptomatic in dogs, even without antibodies production against the parasite. Dogs were examined to detect compatible symptoms. Blood and lymphoid tissue samples were taken to analyze parasite’s presence by optical microscopy (OM) and in vitro culture, as well as DNA detection by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique, and anti-Leishmania antibodies detection in serum with Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. The percentage of symptomatic dogs was 16%, and positive results at the different diagnostic techniques were 37% at OM, 64% at PCR, 25% at culture and 40% at ELISA. The percentage of positive-PCR samples is similar to that described in asymptomatic dogs in endemic areas whereas OM and ELISA results are substantially higher than other studies in endemic areas, including a previous study in Murcia. The reasons of these results may be explained by the presence of symptomatic dogs in this study and the long time dedicated to OM impronts of up to three different tissues per animal, which raised diagnostic sensitivity. These results confirm the high prevalence of CanL in periurban areas of Murcia Region and the good sensitivity of optical microscopy in CanL diagnosis in the hands of an experienced observer.
Downloads
References
ALVAR J., CAÑAVATE C., MOLINA R., MORENO J., NIETO J. 2004. Canine leishmaniasis. Adv. Parasitol. 57: 1-88.
BANETH G., KOUTINAS AF., SOLANO-GALLEGO L., BOURDEAU P., FERRER L. 2008. Canine leishmaniosis – new concepts and insights on an expanding zoonosis: part one. Trend. Parasitol. 24: 324-330.
CHITIMIA L., MUÑOZ-GARCÍA CI., SÁNCHEZ-VELASCO D., LIZANA V., DEL RÍO L., MURCIA L., FISA R., RIERA C., GIMÉNEZ-FONT P., JIMÉNEZ-MONTALBÁN P., MARTÍNEZ-RAMÍREZ Á., MESEGUER-MESEGUER JM., GARCÍA-BACETE I., SÁNCHEZ-ISARRIA MA., SANCHIS-MONSONÍS G., GARCÍA-MARTÍNEZ JD., VICENTE V.,
SEGOVIA M., BERRIATUA E. 2011. Cryptic Leishmaniosis by Leishmania infantum, a feature of canines only? A study of natural infection in wild rabbits, humans and dogs in southeastern Spain. Vet. Parasitol. 181: 12-16.
CORTES S., MAURICIO I., ALMEIDA A., CRISTOVÃO JM., PRATLONG F., DEDET JP., CAMPINO L. 2006. Application of kDNA as a molecular marker to analyse Leishmania infantum diversity in Portugal. Parasitol. Int. 55: 277-283.
FRANCINO O., ALTET L., SÁNCHEZ-ROBERT E., RODRÍGUEZ A., SOLANO-GALLEGO L., ALBEROLA J., FERRER L., SÁNCHEZ A., ROURA X. 2006. Advantages of real-time PCR assay for diagnosis and monitoring of canine leishmaniosis. Vet. Parasitol. 137: 214-221.
GRAMICCIA M., GRADONI L. 2005. The current status of zoonotic leishmaniasis and
approaches to disease control. Int. J. Parasitol. 35:1169-1180.
GRAMICCIA M. 2011. Recent advances in leishmaniosis in pet animals: Epidemiology, diagnostics and anti-vectorial prophylaxis. Vet. Parasitol. 181: 23-30.
MARÍN F., MARTÍN F. 1982. Manual para el diagnóstico de Leishmaniasis. Editum, Murcia, Spain.
MARY C., FARAUT F., LASCOMBE L., DUMON H. 2004. Quantification of Leishmania infantum DNA by a real-time PCR assay with high sensitivity. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 5249-5255.
MIRÓ G., CARDOSO L., PENNSI MG., OLIVA G., BANETH G. 2008. Canine Leishmaniasis – new concepts and insights on an expanding zoonosis: part II. Trend. Parasitol. 8: 371-377.
MOLINA R., AMELA C., NIETO J., SAN-ANDRÉS M., GONZÁLEZ F. 1994. Infectivity of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum to colonized Phlebotomus perniciosus. Trans.R.Soc.Trop.Med.Hyg. 88: 491-493.
OTRANTO D., PARADIES P., DE CAPRARIIS D., STANNECK D., TESTINI G., GRIMM F., DEPLAZES P., CAPELLI G. 2009. Toward diagnosing Leishmania infantum infection in asymptomatic dogs in an area where leishmaniasis is endemic. Clin.Vaccine Immunol. 16 (3): 337-343.
RISUEÑO J., BERMEJO E., MUÑOZ-GARCÍA CI., CHITIMIA I., DEL RÍO L., GARCÍA-MARTÍNEZ JD., GOYENA E., FISA R., RIERA C., JIMÉNEZ-MONTALBÁN P.,
MARTÍNEZ-RAMÍREZ A., MESEGUER-MESEGUER JM., MURCIA L., SEGOVIA M., BERRIATUA E. 2012. Comparative value of microscopy, serology and real time PCR in the diagnosis of asymptomatic canine Leishmania infantum infections. An.Vet (Murcia). 28: 35-43.
RUIZ DE YBAÑEZ R., DEL RÍO L., MARTÍNEZ-CARRASCO C., SEGOVIA M., COX J., DAVIES C., BERRIATUA E. 2009. Questionnaire survey on Canine Leishmaniosis in southeastern Spain. Vet. Parasitol. 164: 124-133.
SARIDOMICHELAKIS MN., MYLONAKIS M., LEONTIDES LS., KOUTINAS A., BILLINIS C., KONTOS VI. 2005. Evaluation of lymph node and bone marrow cytology in the diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs. Am.J.Trop.Med.Hyg. 73: 82-86.
SCHONIAN G., KUHLS K., MAURICIO I.L. 2011. Molecular approaches for a better understanding of the epidemiology and population genetics of Leishmania. Parasitol. 138(4):405-25.
SOLANO-GALLEGO L., MIRÓ G., KOUTINAS A., CARDOSO L., PENNISI MG., FERRER L., BORDEAU P., OLIVA G., BANETH G. 2011. LeishVet guidelines for the practical management of canine leishmaniosis. Parasit.Vectors. 4:86.
SOLANO-GALLEGO L., BANETH G. 2008. Canine leishmaniosis: a challenging zoonosis. EJCAP. 18: 232-241.
SOLANO-GALLEGO L., MORELL P., ARBOIX M., ALBEROLA J., FERRER L. 2001. Prevalence of Leishmania infantum infection in dogs living in an area of canine leishmaniasis endemicity using PCR on several tissues and serology. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39: 560-563.
THRUSFIELD, M., 2007: Veterinary Epidemiology, 3rd ed., Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
The works published in this journal are subject to the following terms:
1. The Publications Service of the University of Murcia (the publisher) retains the property rights (copyright) of published works, and encourages and enables the reuse of the same under the license specified in paragraph 2.
© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2019
2. The works are published in the online edition of the journal under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 (legal text). You can copy, use, distribute, transmit and publicly display, provided that: i) you cite the author and the original source of publication (journal, editorial and URL of the work), ii) are not used for commercial purposes, iii ) mentions the existence and specifications of this license.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
3. Conditions of self-archiving. Is allowed and encouraged the authors to disseminate electronically pre-print versions (version before being evaluated and sent to the journal) and / or post-print (version reviewed and accepted for publication) of their works before publication, as it encourages its earliest circulation and diffusion and thus a possible increase in its citation and scope between the academic community. RoMEO Color: Green.
