Reactive oxygen species and the implication in Biomedicine
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as intracellular regulator when they are generated under control in specific cell spots. They modify proteins function by cysteine reversible oxidation. There are protein kinases and phosphatases, transcription factors and ionic channels that are regulated by ROS. Oxidative stress and cell damage arise when the protection antioxidant mechanisms are unable to keep low the intracellular ROS level. Under these conditions, ROS induce cell viability loss in heart and brain degenerative pathologies and promote unlimited cell proliferation in tumor processes. Alteration of the mitochondrial function is a key player in the oxidative stress generation and therefore it is preferential therapeutic target for prevention or attenuation of the ROS-induced oxidative damage.
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