DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH OF THE AXIAL MUSCUALTURE OF THE SEA BASS Dicentrarchus labrax, L.
Abstract
This work summarizes the previous information on the development and growth of the axial musculature of the sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax L. Relevant results and conclusions from other teleost species in these subjects are also included. At hatching, the axial musculature of sea bass larvae has two strata: the superficial red and the deep white muscles, both with an evident histological immaturity. Hypertrophy of red and white muscle fibres is the unique mechanism of muscle growth since hatching to mouth opening. After mouth opening, larvae enter a period of intense muscle growth by both hypertrophy and hyperplasia of muscle fibres. Throughout the larval phase, red and white muscle fibres undergo structural changes and a progressive replacement of different myosin isoforms. The intermediate pink muscle is evident towards the end of the larval life. Histological maturation of muscle fibres persist during the postlarval life until the beginning of the juvenile period (≈ 6 month). In fingerlings and juveniles, muscle growth dynamics is seasonally influenced by environmental factors such as temperature and photoperiod. Muscle fibre recruitment is particularly affected so that it is maximum in summer and minimum in winter.Downloads
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