Assessment of the Foliar Micromorphology, Phytochemical and Mineral Composition of Justicia secunda Valh Leaves
Abstract
Justicia secunda is widely used in traditional medicine to treat and manage a wide range of ailments. In this study, phytochemicals screening/analysis, minerals and micro-morphological characteristics of the leaves of J. secunda were evaluated. Result indicates that Alkaloid (2040 mg/100g), Flavonoid (130 mg/100g), Saponin (760 mg/100g), Tannin (2410 mg/100g), Phenol (1652 mg/100g), Terpenoids (980 mg/100g). The minerals content (Sodium (0.037%), Potassium (0.29%), Calcium (2.48%), Magnesium (0.41%), Phosphorus (0.025%), Iron (0.12%), Manganese (0.005%), Copper (0.002%), Zinc (0.03%)). the foliar anatomical features showed micro-morphological characters identified as amphistomatic leaves, anomocytic stomata, irregularly shped epidermal cells, sinuate patterned anticlinal walls and dense concentration of non-glandular trichomes in both upper and lower epidermis. These features could be useful in the systematics, proper identification, authentication and standardization of this plant for medicinal purposes.
Downloads
References
Adeniji KA & Ariwaodo JO. 2012. Comparative foliar epidermal studies of genus pericopsis (Papilionaceae) in Nigeria. Phytol Balcanica 18(1): 37-41.
Agbafor KN & Nwachukwu N. 2011. Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant property of extracts of Vitex doniana and Mucuna pruriens. Biochemical Research International 10: 1155-1159. https://doi.org/ 10.1155/2011/459839
Agrawal A. 2011. Pharmacological activities of flavonoids: a review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Nanotechnology 4(2): 1394-1398. https://doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2011.4.2.3
Alves de Almeida AC, Meira de-Faria F, Dunder RJ, Manzo LPB, Souza-Brito ARM & Luiz-Ferreira A. 2017. Recent trends in pharmacological activity of alkaloids in animal colitis: potential use for inflammatory bowel disease. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017: 8528210 [24]. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8528210
Awotedu OL, Ogunbamowo PO, Emmanuel IB & Lawal IO. 2019. Phytominerals and phytochemical studies of Azadiracthta indica, Leea guineensis and Parkia biglobosa Leaves. International Annals of Science 6(1): 28- 34. https://doi.org/10.21467/ias.6.1.28-34
Boye AG, Koffuor GA, Boampong JN, Amoateng PA, Ameyaw EO, Ansah EO, … Penu DKA. 2012. Gastroprotective effect and safety assessment of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam) waterm root bark extract. American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 7(2): 73-80. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajptsp. 2012.73.80
Bribi N. 2018. Pharmacological activity of alkaloids: a review. Asian Journal of Botany 1: [6] https://doi.org/10.63019/ajb.v1i2.467
Carrington S, Cohall DH, Gossell-Williams M, Lindo JF. 2012. The antimicrobial screening of a Barbadian medicinal plant with indications for use in the treatment of diabetic wound infections. West Indian Medical Journal 61(9):861-864. https://doi.org/10.7727/ wimj.2011.223.
Cassola F, Reis da Silva, MH, Borghi AA, Lusa MG, Sawaya ACHF, Garcia VL & Mayer JLS. 2019. Morphoanatomical characteristics, chemical profiles, and antioxidant activity of three species of Justicia L. (Acanthaceae) under different growth conditions. Industrial Crops & Products 131: 57-265. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.01.053
Chanda S. 2014. Importance of pharmacognostic study of medicinal plants. An overview. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2: 69-73.
Cheng QA. 2006. Morphological characters of leaf epidermis in Schisandraceae and their systematic significance. Journal of Plant Biology 49(1): 80-87. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03030791
Costa MA, Zhi-Qiang X, Davin LB & Lewis NG. 1999. Toward engineering the metabolic pathways of cancer-preventing lignans in cereal grains and other crops. In: Phytochemicals in human health protection, nutrition, and plant defense. In Phytochemicals in Human Health Protection, Nutrition, and Plant Defense (Romeo JT, eds) (Proceedings of the Phytochemical Society of North America, vol 33). Boston, MA: Springer, p 67-87. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4689-4_4
Desai SD, Desai DG & Kaur H. 2009. Saponins and their biological activities. Pharma Times 41(3): 13-16.
Evans WC. 2005. Trease & Evans’ Pharmacognosy. Delhi, India: Rajkamal Electric Press.
Forni C, Facchiano F, Bartoli M, Pieretti S, Facchiano A, D’Arcangelo D, … Jadeja RN. 2019. Beneficial role of phytochemicals on oxidative stress and age-related diseases. BioMed Research International 2019: 8748253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8748 253
Herrera-Mata H, Rosas-Romero A & Oscar Crescente V. 2002. Biological activity of “Sanguinaria” (Justicia secunda) extracts. Pharmaceutical Biology 40(3): 206-212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/phbi.40.3.206.58 26
Heywood VH & Moore DM. 1978. Flowering plants of the world. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Isaac AR & Korber JD. 1971. Atomic absorption and flame photometry technique and uses in soil, plant and water analysis. In Instrumental methods for analysis of soils, and plant tissues (Walsh LM, ed). Soil Science Society America Incorporation Wisconsin USA, p. 17-33. https://doi.org/10.2136/1971.instru mentalmethods.c2
Iwahori T, Miura K & Ueshima H. 2017. Time to consider use of the sodium-to-potassium ratio for practical sodium reduction and potassium increase. Nutrients 9(7): 700. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9070700
Kayode OT & Yakubu MT. 2017. Parquetina nigrescens leaves: chemical profile and influence on the physical and biochemical indices of sexual activity of male wistar rats. Journal of Integrative Medicine 15(1): 64-76.
Kitadi JM, Lengbiye EM, Gbolo BZ, Inkoto CL, Muanyishay CL, Lufuluabo GL, . . . Mpiana PT. 2019. Justicia secunda Vahl species: Phytochemistry, pharmacology and future directions: a mini-review. Discovery Phytomedicine 6(4): 157-171. http://dx. doi.org/10.15562/phytomedicine.2019.93.
Koffi EN, Le Guernevé C, Lozano PR, Meudec E, djé FAA, Bekro YA & Lozano YF. 2013. Polyphenol extraction and characterization of Justicia secunda Vahl leaves for traditional medicinal uses. Industrial Crop Production 49: 682-689. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.indcrop.2013.06.001
Kone WM, Koffi AG, Bomisso EL & Tra Bi FH. 2012. Ethnomedical study and iron content of some medicinal herbs used in traditional medicine in Cote D’ivoire for the treatment of anaemia. African Journal of Traditional and Complementary Alternative Medicine 9(1): 81–87. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v9i1. 12
Kumar S & Pandey AK. 2013. Chemistry and biological activities of flavonoids: an overview. The Scientific World Journal 2013: 162750 [16] https://doi.org/10. 1155/2013/162750
Lawal IO, Uzokwe VNE, Rafiu B, & Afolayan AJ. 2018. Foliar anatomy of Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook: A South African medicinal plant. Nigerian Journal of Natural Product and Medicine 22(1): 149-154. https://doi.org/10.4314/njnpm.v22i1.8
Manda P, Abrogoua DP, Bahi C, Dano DS, Gnahoui G & Kablan BJ. 2011. Evaluation of the antihypertensive activity of total aqueous extract of Justicia secunda Valh (Acanthaceae). African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 5(16): 1838-1845. http://dx.doi. org/10.5897/AJPP11.131
Martínez-Ballesta MC, Dominguez-Perles R, Moreno DA, Muries B, Alcaraz-López C, Bastias E, . . . Carvajal M. 2010. Minerals in plant food: effect of agricultural practices and role in human health. a review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 30(2): 295-309. https://doi.org/10.1051/agro/2009022
Mbaebie BO, Edeoga HO & Afolayan AJ. 2012. Phytochemical analysis and antioxidants activities of aqueous of stem bark extract of Schotia latifolia Jacq. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(2): 118-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691 (11)60204-9
Mea A, Ekissi YHR, Abo KJC, & Kahou Bi GP. 2017. Hypoglycaemiant and anti-hyperglycaemiant effect of Juscticia secunda M. Vahl (Acanthaceae) on glycaemia in the wistar rat. International Journal of Development Research 7(6): 13178-13184.
Mora PZ & Pesantes KEB. 2017. Characterization and phytochemical study of Justicia secunda Valh (Sanguinaria, singamochilla, Insulina). Revista Cubana de Plantas Medicinales 22(1): 1-8
Morsy N. 2017. Cardiac glycosides in medicinal plants. In. Aromatic and medicinal plants - back to nature (El-Shemy HA, ed). IntechOpen. https://doi.org/ 10.5772/65963
Mpiana PT, Bokota MT, Ndjele MBL, Mudogo V, Tshibangu DST, Ngbolua KN, … Makelele LK. 2010. Antisickling activity of three species of Justicia from Kisangani (DR Congo): J. tenella, J. gendarussa and J. insularis. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 4(6): 1953-1961. https://doi.org/ 10.4314/ijbcs. v4i6.64984
Mpiana PT, Ngbolua KNN, Bokota MT, Kasonga TK, Atibu EK, Tshibangu DST & Mudogo V. 2010. In Vitro effects of anthocyanin extracts from Justicia secunda Vahl on the solubility of haemoglobin S and membrane stability of sickle erythrocytes. Blood Transfusion 8: 248-254. http://dx.doi.org/10.2450/20 09.0120-09
N’guessan K, Kouassi KH & Ouattara D. 2010. Plants used to treat anaemia, in traditional medicine, by Abbey and Krobou populations, in the South of Cote-d’Ivoire. Journal of Applied Science Research 2010(6): 1291-1297.
Nduche MU & Offor IC. 2019. Anatomical studies of Sida acuta Burm, Spigelia anthelmia Linn, Centrosema pubescens Benth, Pueraria phaseoloides (ROXB) Benth, Justicia carnea Lindl and their taxonomic significance. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biosciences 6(2): 21-32.
Nnadozie C, Onwusonye JC, Odu DA, Ononogbo CN & Ogbonna JO. 2019. Phytochemical studies and activities of leaf extracts of Justicia secunda and Persea americana against selected clinical microbial isolates. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 8(12): 1301-1310.
Odukoya JO, Odukoya JA & Oshodi AA. 2018. Evaluation of the nutritional qualities of the leaves of Parquetina nigrescens, Launaea taraxacifolia and Solanum nigrum. European Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry 5(1): 18-31.
Ohikhena FU, Wintola OA & Afolayan AJ. 2017. Micromorphological studies of the Loranthaceae, Phragmanthera capitata (Sprengel) Balle. Journal of Botany 2017: 5603140 [9]. https://doi.org/10.1155/201 7/5603140
Olaniyi MB, Lawal IO, & Olaniyi AA. 2018. Proximate, phytochemical screening and mineral analysis of Crescentia cujete L. leaves. Journal of Medicinal Plants for Economic Development 2(1): a28 [7]. https://doi.org/10.4102/jomped.v2i1.28
Omoruyi BE, Bradley G & Afolayan AJ. 2012. Antioxidant and phytochemical properties of Carpobrotus edulis (L.) bolus leaf used for the management of common infections in HIV/AIDS patients in Eastern Cape province. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 12: 215 [9]. https://doi.org/10.1186/ 1472-6882-12-215
Onoja SO, Ezeja MI, Omeh YN & Onwukwe BC. 2017. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of methanolic extract of Justicia secunda Vahl leaf. Alexandria Journal of Medicine 53: 207-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajme.2016.06.001
Onyeabo C, Achi NK, Ekeleme-Egedigwe CA, Ebere CU & Okoro CK. 2017. Haematological and biochemical studies on Justicia carnea leaves extract in phenylhydrazine induced-anemia in albino rats. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria 16(2): 217-230. http://dx.doi.org/10.17306/J.AFS.2017.04 92
Orjiakor CA, Uroko RI, Njoku OU & Ezeanyika LUS. 2019. Nutritive properties of aqueous extract Justicia carnea leaves and its effects on haematological and some biochemical indices of anaemia induced male wistar albino rats. Biomedical Research 30(4): 645-654. https://doi.org/10.35841/biomedicalresearch.3 0-18-666
Osioma E & Hamilton-Amachree A. 2017. Comparative study on the phytochemical and in-vitro antioxidant properties of methanolic leaf extract of Justicia secunda Vahl. Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment 15(1): 111-117.
Park J, Kwock CK & Yang YJ. 2016. The effect of the sodium to potassium ratio on hypertension prevalence: a propensity score matching approach. Nutrients 8(8): 482. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8080482
Perez V & Chang ET. 2014. Sodium-to-potassium ratio and blood pressure, hypertension, and related factors. Advances in Nutrition 5(6): 712-741. https:// doi.org/10.3945/an.114.006783
Robles-Zepeda RE, Lozoya-Gloria E, Lopez MG, Villarreal ML, Ramırez-Chavez E & Molina-Torres J. 2009. Montanoa tomentosa glandular trichomes containing kaurenoic acids chemical profile and distribution. Fitoterapia 80(1): 12–17 https:// doi.org/10. 1016/j.fitote.2008.09.002
Schneider NFZ, Cerella C, Lee J, Mazumder A, Kim KR, de Carvalho A, … Diederich M. 2018. Cardiac glycoside glucoevatromonoside induces cancer type-specific cell death. Frontiers in Pharmacology 9: 70. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00070
Sharaibi, JO & Afolayan AJ. 2017. Micromorphological characterization of the leaf and rhizome of Agapanthus praecox subsp. praecox Willd. (Amaryllidaceae). Journal of Botany 2017: 3075638 [11]. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3075638
Shekhawat MS & Manokari M. 2017. Foliar micromorphological evaluation of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. – an important medicinal climber. The Open Plant Science Journal 10: 1-9. https://doi.org/ 10.2174/1874294701710010001
Shuruq A, Noura A, Ghada A, Ghadeer A, Kavita MS, Maha AT & Nesrine AH. 2017. Role of phytochemicals in health and nutrition. BAOJ Nutrition 3: 028.
Soetan KO, Olaiya CO & Oyewole OE. 2010. The importance of mineral elements for humans, domestic animals and plants: a review. African Journal of Food Science 4(5): 200-222.
Sonibare MA, Oke TA & Soladoye MO. 2014. A pharmacobotanical study of two medicinal species of Fabaceae. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 4(2): 131-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(14)60221-5
Theiler BA, Istvanits S, Zehl M, Marcourt L, Urban E, Caisa LOE & Glasl S. 2016. HPTLC Bioautography guided isolation of α-glucosidase inhibiting compounds from Justicia secunda Vahl (Acanthaceae). Phytochemical Analysis. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ pca.2651
Verdam MCS, Ohana DT, Araujo MGP, Guilhon-Simplicio F, Sílvia de Mendonça M & Pereira MM. 2012. Morphology and anatomy of Justicia acuminatissima leaves. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy 22(6): 1212-1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X201200 5000129
Vu TT, Kim H, Tran VK, Vu HD, Hoang TX, Han JW, . . . Kim JC. 2017. antibacterial activity of tannins isolated from Sapium baccatum extract and use for control of tomato bacterial wilt. PLoS ONE 12(7): e0181499. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. 018 1499
Yildirım I & Kutlu T. 2015. Anticancer agents: saponin and tannin. International Journal of Biological Chemistry 9: 332-340. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijbc.2015.3 32.340
Zhang Y, Gan R, Li S, Zhou Y, Li A, Xu D & Li H. 2015. Antioxidant phytochemicals for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Molecules 20(12): 21138–21156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules2 01219753
Zulak KG, Liscombe DK, Ashihara H & Facchini PJ. 2006. Alkaloids, In: Plant secondary metabolites: occurrence, structure and role in the human diet (Crozier A, Clifford MN & Ashihara H, eds). Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Limited, pp. 102-136.
Copyright (c) 2020 Anales de Biología
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Las obras que se publican en esta revista están sujetas a los siguientes términos:
1. El Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia (la editorial) conserva los derechos patrimoniales (copyright) de las obras publicadas, y favorece y permite la reutilización de las mismas bajo la licencia de uso indicada en el punto 2.
2. Las obras se publican en la edición electrónica de la revista bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 España (texto legal). Se pueden copiar, usar, difundir, transmitir y exponer públicamente, siempre que: i) se cite la autoría y la fuente original de su publicación (revista, editorial y URL de la obra); ii) no se usen para fines comerciales; iii) se mencione la existencia y especificaciones de esta licencia de uso.
3. Condiciones de auto-archivo. Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir electrónicamente las versiones pre-print (versión antes de ser evaluada) y/o post-print (versión evaluada y aceptada para su publicación) de sus obras antes de su publicación, ya que favorece su circulación y difusión más temprana y con ello un posible aumento en su citación y alcance entre la comunidad académica. Color RoMEO: verde.
