VIDA ÚTIL Y BENEFICIOS DE LOS NUTRACÉUTICOS COMO ALTERNATIVAS AL ÓXIDO DE ZINC

Autores/as

  • Andrea Torralbo Martín Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria. Universidad de Murcia
  • Daniel Serrano Jara Institución Universitaria de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental
  • María José Cubero Pablo Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria. Universidad de Murcia
  • María José Jordán Bueso Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (IMIDA)
  • Cristina Martínez Conesa Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (IMIDA)
  • Jorge Rivera Gomis Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Northern Faculty, Scotland's Rural College
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/analesvet.628541
Palabras clave: lechones, aceite de orégano, ajo morado, estabilidad, beneficios

Agencias de apoyo

  • Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial (CDTI) del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
  • Programa Operativo FEDER de Crecimiento Inteligente

Resumen

El destete es una de las etapas más críticas en la producción porcina, con frecuentes diarreas. Se ha utilizado ampliamente el óxido de Zinc (ZnO), hasta su prohibición en Europa en 2022. Los compuestos bioactivos del orégano y el ajo morado fueron investigados por sus propiedades medicinales, y podrían ser alternativas al ZnO y a los antibióticos.

Se compararon siete tratamientos dietéticos: un grupo control negativo (dieta basal), un grupo control positivo con ZnO (2500 mg/kg de alimento), dos grupos con aceite esencial de orégano al 0.4% y al 1.2% respectivamente, dos grupos con moltura de ajo morado al 0.4% y al 2% respectivamente, y un grupo con aceite esencial de orégano al 1.2% combinado con moltura de ajo morado al 2%. Los tratamientos se realizaron tras el destete a los 21 días, durante 2 semanas en el pre- estárter y durante 5 semanas en el estárter. Al finalizar las 10 semanas, los lechones se pesaron y se realizó la necropsia para tomar muestras de yeyuno e íleon y evaluar su morfometría. Hemos estudiado el impacto de la degradación de los nutracéuticos durante su almacenamiento en los silos, así como su repercusión sobre la morfometría del yeyuno e íleon y su influencia en la ganancia media diaria y el índice de conversión.

Al evaluar la degradación de los compuestos bioactivos en los piensos, almacenados durante 5 semanas, se identificó una pérdida del 30% tanto en el orégano como en el ajo morado. No obstante, no hubo diferencias significativas en el rendimiento productivo y la morfometría intestinal entre el tratamiento con ZnO y el combinado de moltura de ajo morado al 2% y el aceite esencial de orégano al 1.2%. En conclusión, estas dosis son una buena alternativa como promotores del crecimiento y para la prevención de la diarrea post- destete.

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Publicado
17-10-2024
Cómo citar
Torralbo Martín, A., Serrano Jara, D., Cubero Pablo, M. J., Jordán Bueso, M. J., Martínez Conesa, C., & Rivera Gomis, J. (2024). VIDA ÚTIL Y BENEFICIOS DE LOS NUTRACÉUTICOS COMO ALTERNATIVAS AL ÓXIDO DE ZINC. Anales de Veterinaria de Murcia, 38. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesvet.628541
Número
Sección
Trabajos Fin de Grado/Fin de Máster