Evaluating the Credibility of Statements Given by Persons With Intellectual Disability. [Evaluación de la credibilidad de relatos de personas con discapacidad intelectual]

Autores/as

  • Antonio L. Manzanero Universidad Complutense de Madrid
  • Alberto Alemany Unidad de atención a víctimas con discapacidad intelectual
  • María Recio Unidad de atención a víctimas con discapacidad intelectual
  • Rocío Vallet Universidad Complutense de Madrid
  • Javier Aróztegui Universidad Complutense de Madrid
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.31.1.166571
Palabras clave: Evaluación de credibilidad, discapacidad intelectual, criterios de contenido, testimonio, visualización hiper-dimensional

Agencias de apoyo

  • Fundación Mapfre
  • FIRAH

Resumen

El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en analizar las características diferenciales de los relatos emitidos por víctimas reales y simuladas con discapacidad intelectual ligera y moderada mediante el procedimiento de análisis de credibilidad de Control de la Realidad (RM). Dos evaluadores entrenados en los procedimientos de análisis de credibilidad mediante criterios de contenido evaluaron 13 relatos verdaderos y 16 relatos falsos. Los resultados encontrados muestran que existen pocas diferencias entre los dos tipos de relatos. Los únicos criterios que resultan significativos para discriminar entre los dos tipos de relatos son la cantidad de detalles y la longitud de las declaraciones espontáneas obtenidas mediante recuerdo libre. Ninguna de las características fenomenológicas examinadas resultó significativa para discriminar entre víctimas reales y simuladas. La representación gráfica mediante visualización hiperdimensional (HDV) considerando conjuntamente todos los criterios muestra una gran heterogeneidad entre relatos. Un análisis de conglomerados permitió clasificar los dos tipos de relatos con una probabilidad de acierto del 68.75  por ciento.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Biografía del autor/a

Antonio L. Manzanero, Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Profesor Titular de Universidad. Dpto. Psicología Básica I. Universidad Complutense de Madrid.

Citas

Bailey, Jr., D. B., Roberts, J. E., Hooper, S. R., Hatton, D. D., Mirrett, P. L., Roberts, J. E. & Schaaf, J. M. (2004). Research on fragile X syndrome and autism: implications for the study of genes, environments and developmental language disorders. In M. L. Rice & S.F. Warren (Eds), Developmental language disorders: From phenotypes to etiologies (pp.121-150), Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Bekerian, D. A., & Dennett, J. L. (1992). The truth in content analyses of a child’s testimony. In F. Lösel, D. Bender, & T. Bliesener (Eds.), Psychology and Law. International Perspectives (pp. 335-344). Berlin: W de Gruyter.

Bensi, L., Gambetti, E., Nori, R., & Giusberti, F. (2009). Discerning truth from deception: The sincere witness profile. The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 1 (1), 101-121. Retrieved from http://www.usc.es/sepjf/images/documentos/volume_1/Bensi.pdf

Bottoms, B. L., Nysse-Carris, K. L., Harris, T., & Tyda, K. (2003). Juror’s perceptions of adolescent sexual assault victims who have intellectual disabilities. Law and Human Behavior, 27, 205-227. doi:10.1023/A:1022551314668

Buja A., Swayne D. F., Littman M., Dean N., Hofmann H., & Chen L. (2008). Data Visualization with Multidimensional Scaling. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 17 (2), 444-472. doi:10.1198/106186008X318440

Campos, L., & Alonso-Quecuty, M. L. (1998). Knowledge of crime context: Improving the understanding of why the cognitive interview works. Memory, 6, 103-112. doi: 10.1080/741941602

Comblain, C., D'Argembeau, A., & Van der Linden, M. (2005). Phenomenal characteristics of autobiographical memories for emotional and neutral events in older and younger adults. Experimental Aging Research, 31 (2), 173-89. doi: 10.1080/03610730590915010

Dent, H. (1986). An experimental study of the effectiveness of different techniques of interviewing mentally handicapped child witnesses. British Journal of Clinical Psychology,25, 13-17. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1986.tb00666.x

Diges, M. (1995). Previous knowledge and delay in the recall of a filmed event. In G. Davies, S. M. A. Lloyd-Bostock, M. McMurran, & C. Wilson (Eds.), Psychology, law and criminal justice. International developments in research and practice (pp. 46-55). Berlin: W. de Gruyter.

Diges, M., Rubio, M. E., & Rodríguez, M.C. (1992). Eyewitness testimony and time of day. In F. Lösel, D. Bender, & T. Bliesener (Eds.), Psychology and Law. International Perspectives (pp. 317-320). Berlin: W de Gruyter.

Fletcher, R., Loschen, E., Stavrakaki, C., & First, M. (Eds.), (2007). Diagnostic Manual - Intellectual Disability (DM-ID): A Textbook of Diagnosis of Mental Disorders in Persons with Intellectual Disability. Kingston, NY: NADD Press.

González, J. L., Cendra, J., & Manzanero, A. L. (2013). Prevalence of disabled people involved in Spanish Civil Guard's police activity. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(11), 3781–3788. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2013.08.003

Henkel, L. A., Franklin, N., & Johnson, M. K. (2000). Cross-modal source monitoring confusions between perceived and imagined events. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 26 (2), 321-335. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.26.2.321

Henry, L., Ridley, A., Perry, J., & Crane, L. (2011). Perceived credibility and eyewitness testimony of children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 55 (4), 385–391. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01383.x

Johnson, M. K. (1988). Reality Monitoring: An experimental phenomenological approach. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117 (4), 390-394. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.117.4.390

Johnson, M. K., Hashtroudi, S., & Lindsay, D. S. (1993). Source monitoring. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 3-28. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.114.1.3

Johnson, M. K., Foley, M. A, Suengas, A. G., & Raye, C. L. (1988). Phenomenal characteristics of memories for perceived and imagined autobiographical events. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117, 371-376. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.117.4.371

Johnson, M. K., Kahan, T. L., & Raye, C. L. (1984). Dreams and reality monitoring. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 113 (3), 329-344. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.113.3.329

Johnson, M. K., & Raye, C. (1981). Reality monitoring. Psychological Review, 88, 67-85. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.88.1.67

Kebbell, M. R., & Wagstaff, G. F. (1997). Why do the police interview eyewitnesses? Interview objectives and the evaluation of eyewitness performance. Journal of Psychology, 131, 595-601. doi: 10.1080/00223989709603841

Landau, B., & Zukowsky, A. (2003). Objects, Motions and Paths: spatial language in children with Williams Syndrome. Developmental Neuropsychology, 23, 105-137. doi: 10.1080/87565641.2003.9651889

Lindsay, D. S., & Johnson, M. K. (1989). The eyewitness suggestibility effect and memory for source. Memory and Cognition, 17, 349-358. doi: 10.3758/BF03198473

Manzanero, A. L. (1994). Recuerdo de sucesos complejos: Efectos de la recuperación múltiple y la tarea de recuerdo en la memoria. (Recall of complex events: Effects of multiple retrieval and task on memory) Anuario de Psicología Jurídica/Annual Review of Legal Psychology, 4, 9-23. Retrieved from http://eprints.ucm.es/6175/1/Anuario_94.pdf

Manzanero, A. L. (2001). Procedimientos de evaluación de la credibilidad de las declaraciones de menores víctimas de agresiones sexuales. Revista de Psicopatología Clínica, Legal y Forense, 1(2), 51-71. Retrieved from http://eprints.ucm.es/6189/1/psicopatologia.pdf

Manzanero, A. L. (2006). Do perceptual and suggested accounts actually differ? Psychology in Spain, 10 (1), 52-65. Retrieved from http://eprints.ucm.es/11380/1/psychology_in_spain.pdf

Manzanero, A. L. (2009). Análisis de contenido de memorias autobiográficas falsas (Criteria content analysis of false autobiographical memories). Anuario de Psicología Jurídica/Annual Review of Legal Psychology, 19, 61-72. Retrieved from http://eprints.ucm.es/11019/1/falsas_memorias_imp.pdf

Manzanero, A. L., Contreras, M. J., Recio, M., Alemany, A., & Martorell, A. (2012). Effects of presentation format and instructions on the ability of people with intellectual disability to identify faces. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 33, 391-397. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.09.015

Manzanero, A. L., & Diges, M. (1995). Effects of preparation on internal and external memories. In G. Davies, S. M. A Lloyd-Bostock, M. McMurran, & C.Wilson (Eds.), Psychology, law and criminal justice. International developments in research and practice (pp. 56-63). Berlin: W. De Gruyter & Co. Retrieved from http://eprints.ucm.es/6174/1/oxford_95.pdf

Manzanero, A. L., El-Astal, S., & Aróztegui, J. (2009). Implication degree and delay on recall of events: An experimental and HDV study. The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 1 (2), 101-116. Retrieved from http://eprints.ucm.es/11383/1/Manzanero_et_al_2009.pdf

Manzanero, A. L., López, B., & Aróztegui, J. (submitted). Underlying processes behind false perspective production: an exploratory study.

Manzanero, A. L. & Muñoz, J. M. (2011). La prueba pericial psicológica sobre la credibilidad del testimonio: Reflexiones psico-legales. Madrid: SEPIN. Retrieved from http://eprints.ucm.es/12544/1/credibilidad_del_testimonio.pdf

Manzanero, A. L., Recio, M., Alemany, A., & Martorell, A. (2011). Identificación de personas y discapacidad intelectual. Anuario de Psicología Jurídica/Annual Review of Legal Psychology, 21, 41-48. doi: 10.5093/jr2011v21a4

Manzanero, A. L., Recio, M., Alemany, A., & Pérez-Castro, P. (2013). Factores emocionales en el análisis de credibilidad de las declaraciones de víctimas con discapacidad intelectual. Anuario de Psicología Jurídica, 23, 21-24..doi: 10.5093/aj2013a4

Masip, J., Sporer, S. L., Garrido, E., & Herrero, C. (2005). The detection of deception with the reality monitoring approach: a review of the empirical evidence. Psychology, Crime and Law, 11 (1), 99-122. doi: 10.1080/10683160410001726356

Peled, M., Iarocci, G., & Cannolly, D. A, (2004). Eyewitness testimony and perceived credibility of youth with mild intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 18(7), 669-703. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2003.00559.x

Perlman, N. B., Ericson, K, I., Esses, V. M., & Isaacs, B. J. (1994). The developmentally handicapped witness. Law and Human Behaviour, 18, 171-187. doi: 10.1007/BF01499014

Porter, S., & Yuille, J. C. (1996). The language of deceit: an investigation of the verbal cues to deception in the interrogation context. Law and Human Behavior, 20, 443-458. doi: 10.1007/BF01498980

Rassin, E. (1999). Criteria-Based Content Analysis: The less scientific road to truth. Expert Evidence, 7, 265-278. doi: 10.1023/A:1016627527082

Recio, M., Alemany, A., & Manzanero, A. L. (2012). La figura del facilitador en la investigación policial y judicial con víctimas con discapacidad intelectual . Siglo Cero. Revista Española sobre Discapacidad Intelectual, 43(3), 54-68. Retrieved from http://eprints.ucm.es/16309/1/siglocero_2012.pdf

Sabsey, D. & Doe, T. (1991) Patterns of sexual abuse and assault. Sexuality and Disability, 9, 243-259. doi: 10.1007/BF01102395

Schooler, J., Gerhard, D., & Loftus, E. (1986). Qualities of unreal. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 12, 171-181. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.12.2.171

Sporer, S. L., & Sharman, S. J. (2006). Should I believe this? Reality monitoring of accounts of self-experienced and invented recent and distant autobiographical events. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 20, 837-854. doi: 10.1002/acp.1234

Steller, M. (1989). Recent developments in statement analysis. In J. C. Yuille (Ed.), Credibility assessment (pp. 135-154). Netherland: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Steller, M., & Köehnken, G. (1989). Criteria-based statement analysis. In D. C. Raskin (Ed.), Psychological methods in criminal investigation and evidence (pp. 217-245). New York: Spinger.

Steyvers, M. (2002). Multidimensional scaling. In Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. (pp. 1-7). London: MacMillan.

Stobbs, G., & Kebbell, M. (2003). Juror´s perception of witnesses with intellectual disabilities and influence of expert evidence. Journal of Appplied Research in Intellectual disabilities, 16, 107-114. doi: 10.1046/j.1468-3148.2003.00151.x

Strömwall, L. A., Bengtsson, L., Leander, L., & Granhag, P. A. (2004). Assessing children’s statements: The impact of a repeated Experience on CBCA and RM ratings. Applied Cognitive Psychology,18, 653–668. doi: 10.1002/acp.1021

Suengas, A. G., & Johnson, M. K. (1988). Qualitative effects of rehearsal on memories for perceived and imagined complex events. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117 (4), 377-389. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.117.4.377

Tharinger, D., Horton, C., Millea, S. (1990). Sexual abuse and exploitation of children and adults with mental retardation and other handicaps. Child abuse and Neglect,14, 301-312. doi: 10.1016/0145-2134(90)90002-B

Tversky, A. (1977). Features of similarity. Psychological Review, 84, 327-352. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.84.4.327

Undeutsch, U. (1982). Statement reality analysis. In A. Trankell (Ed.), Reconstructing the past (pp. 27-56). Stockholm: Norstedt and Soners.

Valenti-Hein, D. C, & Schwartz, L. D. (1993). Witness competency in people with mental retardation: implications for prosecution of sexual abuse. Sexuality and Disability, 11, 287-294. doi: 10.1007/BF01102173

Vrij, A. (2005). Criteria-Based Content Analysis: A Qualitative Review of the First 37 Studies. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 11 (1), 3-41. doi: 10.1037/1076-8971.11.1.3

Vrij, A., Akehurst, L., Soukara, S., & Bull, R. (2004). Detecting deceit via analysis of verbal and nonverbal behaviour in children and adults. Human Communication Research, 30 (1), 8-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2958.2004.tb00723.x

Vrij, A., Fisher, R., Mann, S., & Leal, S. (2006). Detecting deception by manipulating cognitive load. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10, 141-142. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2006.02.003

Vrij, A., & Heaven, S. (1999). Vocal and verbal indicators of deception as a function of lie complexity. Psychology, Crime, & Law, 5, 203-215. doi: 10.1080/10683169908401767

Wagenaar, W. A., Van Koppen, P. J. & Crombag, H. F. M. (1993). Anchored narratives: The psychology of criminal evidence. London: Harvester Press.

Publicado
25-12-2014
Cómo citar
Manzanero, A. L., Alemany, A., Recio, M., Vallet, R., & Aróztegui, J. (2014). Evaluating the Credibility of Statements Given by Persons With Intellectual Disability. [Evaluación de la credibilidad de relatos de personas con discapacidad intelectual]. Anales de Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 31(1), 338–344. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.31.1.166571
Número
Sección
Psicología básica

Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a